This is Part Four of our series exploring Ireland’s provinces. After visiting Munster, Leinster, and Connacht, we now arrive in Ulster, Ireland’s northernmost province. Ulster is a land of contrasts — home to lively cities, rugged coastlines, and some of the island’s most iconic natural wonders.

A Little History of Ulster

Ulster’s name comes from the Irish Ulaidh (Uladh), an ancient tribal grouping, and tír, meaning “land.” In early Irish history, Ulster was one of the five great kingdoms. It is famously the setting for the Ulster Cycle, a body of heroic myths including the stories of Cú Chulainn.

In more recent centuries, Ulster has been central to Ireland’s complex political history. Following the partition of Ireland in 1921, six of Ulster’s nine counties became part of Northern Ireland, while three remained in the Republic of Ireland. This makes Ulster unique among the provinces, with a diverse cultural identity that blends Irish and British traditions.

Key Facts about Ulster

  • Counties:
    • In the Republic of Ireland: Cavan, Donegal, Monaghan.
    • In Northern Ireland (UK): Antrim, Armagh, Derry/Londonderry, Down, Fermanagh, Tyrone.
  • Population: Around 2 million.
  • Major Cities: Belfast (Northern Ireland’s capital), Derry/Londonderry.
  • Airports:
    • Belfast International Airport (BFS) and Belfast City Airport (BHD): Serving UK and European destinations.
    • City of Derry Airport (LDY): Regional connections.
    • Donegal Airport (CFN): A small but scenic airport with domestic Irish routes.
  • Transport Links: Rail services connect Belfast to Dublin, Derry, Bangor, and Larne. Bus networks serve towns, while driving is often the best way to explore rural Donegal and the Causeway Coast.

Top Things to Do in Ulster

– Visit the Giant’s Causeway, County Antrim

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this natural wonder features 40,000 hexagonal basalt columns formed by volcanic activity.

– Stay in Belfast City

Explore Northern Ireland’s capital with highlights including Titanic Belfast, St. George’s Market, and the city’s famous street murals.

– See Derrys Historic Walls

Walk the 17th-century city walls — some of the best preserved in Europe — and explore the vibrant cultural life within.

– Soak in Donegal’s Wild Coastline

County Donegal is one of Ireland’s most rugged and unspoiled areas. Don’t miss Slieve League Cliffs, among the highest sea cliffs in Europe.

– Travel Along Causeway Coastal Route

A road trip favourite, this scenic drive links Belfast to Derry via dramatic coastal views, castles, and Game of Thrones filming locations.

– See The Mourne Mountains, County Down

A stunning mountain range perfect for hiking, with sweeping views across land and sea.

– Embrace Enniskillen & Fermanagh’s Lakes

An ideal area for boating, kayaking, or simply relaxing by the water. Enniskillen Castle is also worth a visit.

– See Armagh – Ireland’s Ecclesiastical Capital

Known for its twin cathedrals dedicated to St. Patrick and rich religious heritage.

Why Visit Ulster?

Ulster offers both dramatic landscapes and vibrant urban experiences. From the UNESCO-listed Giant’s Causeway to the cultural energy of Belfast and Derry, it’s a province full of variety. With a mix of Republic and Northern Ireland counties, visitors also get a unique perspective on Ireland’s history, heritage, and contemporary life.

Practical Travel Tips for Ulster

Ulster covers everything from bustling cities to remote Atlantic cliffs, so smart packing is key:

  • Layered Clothing: Weather varies widely — bring a warm fleece and a windproof rain jacket.
  • Footwear: Sturdy walking boots for Donegal and the Mournes, plus comfortable city shoes for Belfast or Derry.
  • Travel Tech: A portable charger and travel adapter (Type G) will keep devices ready.
  • On the Road: The Causeway Coastal Route is best by car — pack a car phone holder, charger, and snacks/cooler bag for the journey.
  • For the Views: A compact camera or travel tripod is ideal for landscapes like Slieve League and the Giant’s Causeway.